Ki67

Decision Support & AI

Ki67 expression varies throughout the different cell-cycle phases. Cells express the ki67 during G1, S, G2, and M phases, but not during the resting phase G0 [1].

Ki67 marker has been explored as a prognostic or predictive marker in breast cancer and other malignant diseases [2].

In general, scoring systems are based on the percentage of tumour cells stained by the antibody. In one method, the pathologist examines the stained section with a standard light microscope 40x objective, and the Ki67 score is defined as the percentage of total number of tumour cells with nuclear staining.

Back to Other Samples

Keywords

Ki67, Immunohistochemistry, Breast Cancer, Digital Pathology

Methods

The techniques of nuclear classification algorithm is used to detect the nuclei in morphological form and size and classify them as positive or negative according to pixel colorization and intensity. Also, tile extraction, color deconvolution, morphological filters, threshold value method,and cell segmentation algorithms are used to develop Ki67 analysis.

The analysis algorithm contain H-DAB colour deconvolution method. To detect negative nuclei H channel, and to detect and classify brown nuclei DAB channel are used. The positive nuclei are classified into three groups according to given threshold values by the user before running the analysis.

Quantitative output variables

Negative Nuclei Number
Dark Brown Positive Nuclei Number
Medium Brown Nuclei Number
Light Brown Nuclei Number
Stromal Nuclei Number
Positivity index (%)

Workflows

Step 1: View a Ki-67 stained whole slide images at ViraPath.
Step 2: Outline tumor either manually or automatically using Virapath Tissue Segmentation algorithm.
Step 3: Select the Ki67 analysis and calibrate the parameters.
Step 4: Run the analysis.

References

[1] Beresford MJ, Wilson GD, Makris A. Measuring proliferation in breast cancer: practicalities and applications. Breast Cancer Res 2006; 8: 216.

[2] Yerushalmi, R., Woods, R., Ravdin, P. M., Hayes, M. M., & Gelmon, K. A. (2010). Ki67 in breast cancer: prognostic and predictive potential. The Lancet Oncology, 11(2), 174–183.